一、動詞形式變化規(guī)則體系1. 第三人稱單數(shù)（-s/-es形式）規(guī)則 | 動詞原形 → 三單形式 | 例句 | 一般情況 | work → works | She works efficiently. | 以 s, x, z, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 | pass → passes | He passes the exam. | 以 輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾 | study → studies | The baby cries loudly. | 以 o 結(jié)尾 | go → goes | It goes wrong. |
?? 特例： - have → has（I have / She has）
- be → is（They are / He is）
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing形式）規(guī)則 | 動詞原形 → 現(xiàn)在分詞 | 例句 | 一般情況 | play → playing | They are playing. | 以 不發(fā)音e 結(jié)尾 | write → writing | I am writing. | 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾 | run → running | She is running. | 以 ie 結(jié)尾 | die → dying | The flower is dying. |
閉音節(jié)雙寫條件： - 末尾為 單輔音字母（stop → stopping）
- 前面是 單元音字母（begin → beginning）
? 不雙寫： open → opening（非重讀音節(jié)）
3. 過去式 & 過去分詞（規(guī)則變化）規(guī)則 | 動詞原形 → 過去式/過去分詞 | 例句 | 一般情況 | want → wanted | We wanted help. | 以 e 結(jié)尾 | live → lived | She lived here. | 以 輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾 | try → tried | He tried hard. | 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾 | plan → planned | They planned it. |
4. 不規(guī)則動詞變形表（高頻50詞精選）動詞原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 | be | was/were | been | 是 | begin | began | begun | 開始 | break | broke | broken | 打破 | choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 | do | did | done | 做 | go | went | gone | 去 | see | saw | seen | 看見 | write | wrote | written | 寫 |
規(guī)律總結(jié)： AAA型： cut-cut-cut, put-put-put ABB型： teach-taught-taught, bring-brought-brought ABA型： come-came-come, run-ran-run ABC型： drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten
二、動詞短語（Phrasal Verbs）分類詳解? 結(jié)構(gòu)類型與用法類型 | 結(jié)構(gòu) | 例句及翻譯 | 注意事項 | 動詞+副詞 | give up | Don’t give up! (別放棄) | 賓語為代詞時放中間： give it up | 動詞+介詞 | look after | She looks after kids. (照顧) | 賓語必須放后面： look after them | 動詞+副詞+介詞 | get away with | He got away with cheating. (逃脫懲罰) | 不可拆分 |
? 高頻短語動詞替換表口語短語 | 正式同義詞 | 例句 | put off | postpone | We put off the meeting. | find out | discover | Find out the truth. | take over | assume control | The company was taken over. |
三、時態(tài)與分詞核心功能1. 分詞用法對比形式 | 功能 | 例句 | 現(xiàn)在分詞 | 進行時態(tài)/形容詞 | It’s raining. (進行時) | | | a boring class (形容詞) | 過去分詞 | 完成時態(tài)/被動語態(tài) | I have finished. (完成時) | | | written in English (被動) |
2. 時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)速查表時態(tài) | 結(jié)構(gòu) | 例句 | 現(xiàn)在進行時 | am/is/are + doing | She is singing. | 過去完成時 | had + done | They had left. | 將來進行時 | will be + doing | I will be working. | 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 | have been + doing | He has been waiting. |
四、易錯點與應試技巧 高頻錯誤預警- 三單遺漏：
? She go to school. → ? She goes to school. - 雙寫錯誤：
? stop → stoping → ? stopping（閉音節(jié)雙寫） - 不規(guī)則動詞混淆：
? I have swam. → ? I have swum. - 短語動詞誤拆：
? look the word up in the dictionary → ? look up the word 或 look it up
應試黃金法則- 時態(tài)判斷三步法：
- 例：By 2025, the project ______ (complete).
→ 時間：by 2025（將來完成）；狀態(tài)：被動 → will have been completed - Step 1：找時間狀語（yesterday → 過去時）
- Step 2：看動作狀態(tài)（持續(xù)中 → 進行時）
- Step 3：查主被動關(guān)系（被邀請 → 被動語態(tài)）
- 非謂語動詞選擇口訣：
- 主動用doing，被動用done，目的用to do
- He came to help me. (目的)
- Seeing the teacher, he stood up. (主動)
- Seen from space, Earth is blue. (被動)
五、特殊動詞用法（情態(tài)/系動詞）類別 | 核心動詞 | 功能 | 例句 | 情態(tài)動詞 | can/must/should | 表能力/義務/建議 | You should rest. | 系動詞 | be/become/seem | 連接主語與表語 | She became a doctor. |
?? 注意： - 情態(tài)動詞后接 動詞原形： ? He can swims. → ? He can swim.
- 系動詞后接 形容詞/名詞： ? It sounds terribly. → ? It sounds terrible.
總結(jié)：動詞學習核心脈絡 附：不規(guī)則動詞記憶口訣
“i-a-u” 型： begin → began → begun
“o-e-en” 型： break → broke → broken
“d-t-en” 型： write → wrote → written
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