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感謝二師兄團(tuán)隊(duì)的精誠合作，電子海圖的操作指南終于完成了，希望駕駛員運(yùn)用到實(shí)際的工作中，確保航行安全。 接上篇 10. ECDIS display modes 電子海圖系統(tǒng)顯示模式 LOOKAHEAD Look ahead willcompare the safety settings that have been enteredin ECDIS and generatesan indication or warning where the safety settings will be breached Look ahead 。 主要的功能是對比事先設(shè)定在電子海圖的安全參數(shù)，然后在可能要違背安全設(shè)定的情況下激發(fā)警報(bào)。 請注意： 在我司的電子海圖NAVMASTER中這個(gè)LOOK AHEAD 功能是通過GUARD ZONE 來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，本身NAVMASTER也有LOOK AHEAD 菜單，但沒有執(zhí)行IMO和IHO的要求的功能，在外部檢查時(shí)，如果檢察官問LOOK AHEAD的操作，請演示GUAND ZONE而不是LOOK AHEAD。 IMO 對 LOOK AHEAD的功能要求如下：
同樣在有可能近距離通過危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，比如障礙物、沉船、礁石，并且水深小于安全等深 線， 也要有警示信息′′Caution: Never switch off Look Ahead function, except in exceptional circumstances where the alarms become distracting dangerously。 注意： 不要關(guān)閉LOOKAHEAD功能，除非是在特殊情況下報(bào)警會嚴(yán)重分散或干擾駕駛員的注意力 Normally LOOK AHEAD sets the area ahead and around own ship for which to check for safe navigation. See below picture: 通常LOOKAHEAD是設(shè)定本船船首方向以及本船周圍的一部分水域來進(jìn)行檢查保證安全航行 Example 1:
上圖是我司NAVMASTER電子海圖設(shè)備顯示的LOOKAHEAD 設(shè)定，如果進(jìn)入上個(gè)SLIDE里提到的危險(xiǎn)水域就會報(bào)警或者警示信息 In above screenshot you will see how to set look ahead in Navmaster ECDIS, actually route monitoring alerts+ guard zone will be complete look ahead function. 在上圖所示，我們可以看到如何在NAVMASTER里設(shè)定LOOK AHEAD，實(shí)際上在這個(gè)設(shè)備里航線監(jiān)控報(bào)警加上警戒區(qū)才是一個(gè)完整的LOOK AHEAD功能 Example 2 Below pictures is how to set look ahead in Furuno ECDIS, you can easily find out the setting in Furuno is more similar with the original requirement of Look ahead function. 11. T &P notice correction 臨告和預(yù)告改正 The AIO is designed to display temporary and preliminary information over ENCs in ECDIS to assist with passage planning. AIO 其實(shí)就是用于在電子海圖系統(tǒng)顯示臨告和預(yù)告信息，協(xié)助航行計(jì)劃. Most countries now include temporary information in their ENCs and it is received on the vessel as a normal ENC update or new edition. Some nations do not describe the information as 'temporary’ or 'preliminary’ in the ENCs; they simply issue updates as required 大部分國家都會在航用圖中發(fā)布臨告和預(yù)告信息，船舶每周都會收到和永久性改正一樣更新包， 其中有一些國家會直接在圖上改正，就不額外顯示臨告預(yù)告信息 Some nation providing additional information that is not already included in the ENC will be displayed using coloured polygons within AIO. 有些國家不會把臨告預(yù)告直接改正在海圖中，就會在海圖上顯示一個(gè)多邊形（通常四邊形）帶有顏色的區(qū)域表明這個(gè)位置有臨告預(yù)告，需要手動改正 UKHO will publish a notice on the status of of T&P information in ENCs on regular basis, last publish on Mar 2021, and clearly stated which countries will include T&P information in ENC, 可以清楚的看到 中國發(fā)布的ENC就不會直接改正臨告預(yù)告，需要手動改正航線附近的通告，如果是德國發(fā)布的ENC就會直接改正，不需手動改正 From above screen shot you can see for those country marked T and P as YES, there is not necessary to correct manually, otherwise manual correction on T&P notice required for the area close to route 需要提醒的是，如果手動改正了T&P, 當(dāng)通告過期時(shí)不要忘記刪除MANUAL UPDATE, 要有記錄本記錄哪張圖進(jìn)行了哪些通告的改正，和紙板通告的管理是一樣的 Just be reminded that if manual update T&P notice on ECDIS, do not forgot to delete after cancelling the notice, record should be in place which chart and which notice are corrected Make another example, as below picture shown 2152(T)/17 was valid temporary notice for the Malacca and Singapore strait waters, as per the UKHO notice, T and P notice will not be included in ENC in this water, manual correction will be needed, you should use “manual update function to do this correction 如下圖，新加坡馬六甲海峽在英國水道測量局的通告中就屬于沒有把臨告預(yù)告包括在ENC里的，所有要進(jìn)行手動改正，通常使用MANUAL UPDATE 功能鍵 12. EP notice correction 臨告和預(yù)告改正 ENC Preliminary (EP) NMs highlight navigationally significant differences between ENCs and ADMIRALTY paper charts，it will not automatically corrected in ECDIS 電子海圖中的EP通告其實(shí)是顯示出電子海圖和紙板海圖通告的差異，這種通告并不會直接改正在電子海圖上，需要參考相應(yīng)的紙板海圖通告進(jìn)行手動更改 13. Track recall 調(diào)取航跡
Remember that normally you will be able to recall the whole voyage track in one log, but due to some reason, you may need to open multiple log to show the whole route track, maximum days of indicating track without recall is 72 hour(3 days) 正常情況下船上應(yīng)該可以在一個(gè)LOG里調(diào)取整個(gè)航次的航跡，實(shí)際工作中由于某些原因需要開啟多了LOG才能把整個(gè)航次的航跡調(diào)取出來，在外部檢查中可能會比較被動，需要駕駛員了解本船的實(shí)際情況，做好應(yīng)對和解釋 As below picture shown, normally positions shown could be set maximum 72 hour, and track indicating the same duration, recommended to set 72hour, 注意 Attention: In Navmaster ECDIS if ECDIS does not be closed accidentally the log will remain one log, otherwise multiple logs will be occurred, it is not convenient to present to inspector, the basic rule is one voyage open one log( one port to another port ) 在NAVMASTER電子海圖中如果軟件沒有意外關(guān)閉通常LOG不會關(guān)閉新建新的LOG， 如果系統(tǒng)意外關(guān)閉，再開啟就會自動建立新的LOG， 這樣在外部檢查實(shí)際是是不利的，容易被開缺陷， 基本的原則是一個(gè)航次只開一個(gè)LOG， 或者一個(gè)港到下一個(gè)港也可以 14. Scamin Scamin is an abbreviation of Scale Minimum, The SCAMIN value of an object determines the display scale below which the object is no longer visible on ECDIS. The purpose of SCAMIN is to reduce the amount of clutter displayed to the ECDIS user. For example, an object with a SCAMIN value of 50,000, indicating a scale of 1/50,000, will not be During the passage planning stage, we do not want to miss any of the features or buoy, etc as we do not want to have our courses run over these. 在航線設(shè)計(jì)的階段， 我們不希望忽略掉一些重要信息比如浮筒等，防止實(shí)際航行中進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域 During navigation, we can keep the SCAMIN to “on” to declutter the ECDIS screen 在實(shí)際航行中，為了過濾掉過多信息，建議保持開啟 In some ECDIS model, may have Scamin/Scamax setting 在某些電子海圖設(shè)備中，可能會有最大和最小顯示比例尺的選擇。此處大家要理解清楚，什么時(shí)候勾選什么時(shí)候不勾選，不要搞混了，在外部檢查時(shí)是必查項(xiàng)目，駕駛員都要熟悉 15. Replay voyage data (VDR Playback) Normally this function only be conducted at Admin user account, after logging in, go to tool menu, select playback. 目前我司的NAVMASTER 電子海圖設(shè)備需要在管理員賬號下進(jìn)入菜單進(jìn)行測試 16. Position Verification means and interval 船位核對方式和間隔 ( for ships which ECDIS as primary means of navigation） 電子海圖為主要航行方式的船舶 a.Basically speaking, considering the position in ECDIS can be seen in real time, we should stop talking position fixing, it should be called position verification since the position of vessel is well known (position already appeared on ECDIS screen) 通常來說， 考慮到電子海圖上的船位已經(jīng)實(shí)時(shí)顯示，以前我們紙版海圖中說的定位應(yīng)該改為核對船位 b.But The bridge team should avoid becoming over-reliant on ECDIS. Regular cross-checks should be carried out to verify the accuracy of ECDIS position-fixing system (normally GPS) by other available means： 但是駕駛臺班組應(yīng)該避免過度依賴電子海圖， 包括實(shí)時(shí)顯示的GPS 船位，仍然需要通過以下多 種方式和途徑來核對電子定位系統(tǒng)的船位精度：
目前按照公司的體系要求， 開敞水域每小時(shí)核對船位， 沿岸水域和港口水域每20分鐘核對船位， 如果電子海圖系統(tǒng)失效，使用備用系統(tǒng)電子海圖的話，按照公司體系的要求SQI-122進(jìn)行定位 Currently as per company requirement, in open water verify position every hour, in coastal / port water every 20min verify position, if ECDIS failure, paper chart as back up system, the position fixing means and interval requirement in company procedure SQI-122 should be complied。 17. CATZOC 海圖精度 Category Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) are the values that used to highlight the accuracy of data presented on charts。 lBased upon the error in position and depth, the accuracy data is divided into 6 zones of confidence (CATZOC). See above picture 基于位置和水深的精度CATZOC 分為6個(gè)等級，如上圖 lSo we have to understand the CATZOC not only referring to depth, but also to position, so while passage planning, CATZOC should applied to UKC calculation, and CATZOC position accuracy should applied to dangerous objects clearance, such as wreck, shallow waters, obstruction, etc 我們必須清楚CATZOC不僅涉及到水深精度，同時(shí)也包括位置精度，所有在計(jì)算UKC 富裕水深的時(shí)候要考慮CATZOC, 在航線設(shè)計(jì)階段決定危險(xiǎn)物的距離時(shí)也要考慮在內(nèi)，比如距離沉船，淺水區(qū)域， 障礙物等 lAfter applying CATZOC calculation into UKC, the result should comply with company UKC policy. 在考慮海圖精度后計(jì)算的富裕水深要符合公司UKC 政策 lAfter taking position accuracy into account ship should have sufficient clearance from danger, and for ZOC D and U accuracy, we should follow below: 在考慮位置精度后船舶要保持與危險(xiǎn)物有足夠的安全距離，當(dāng)精度是D 或者U 的時(shí)候應(yīng)遵循以下原則： a.minimum keep 10 nm from danger for open water 開敞水域保持至少10海里 a.Minimum keep 5nm from danger for coastal water 沿岸水域保持至少5海里 18. CATZOC D and U If vessel can’t keep clear from CATZOC D/U waters, as per company procedure following action need to be taken： a. For UKC greater than 50% of ship’s static draft 對UKC大于船舶靜態(tài)吃水的50%
b. For UKC less than 50% of ship’s static draft對UKC小于船舶靜態(tài)吃水的50% Risk assessment need to be conducted and seek approval from head office for transiting this water。需要實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估，并由公司批復(fù)。 All control measures and factors to be considered had been stated in company procedure SQI-140 which mentioned in next page should comply 體系規(guī)定的控制措施和需要考慮的因素需要遵循，請見下圖具體要求 Below picture showed CATZOC all categories covering percentage in the world water, just for reference。下面的圖片列舉了全球水域海圖精度的分布比例 Company requirement on CATZOC U and D (UKC<50% draft) Consideration should be given to the possible applicability of the below given controls in reaching such a decision: 應(yīng)考慮一下因素：
Additional measures could include information obtained by Local Authorities such as the Harbour Master, Port Agent and Pilot regarding:還可以采取額外的措施，包括向港方、代理及引航站獲取必要的信息：
Please note this is not an exhaustive list and other information may be requested. When the pilot boards the vessel, the Master should present the passage plan to the pilot along with the UKC calculation of the transit. The Master should bring to the attention of the pilot the parts of the transit through shallow waters and discuss in detail the following points: 當(dāng)引水登輪要和引水精確計(jì)算UKC 和低精度水域的通過計(jì)劃，并包括以下方面：
19. Expired chart permit management It is highly recommended that once the permit expires the ENCs should be manually deleted. It would reduce the chances of using outdated ENCs. 目前體系沒有要求，這里強(qiáng)烈建議一旦海圖許可過期過，立即刪除相應(yīng)的ENC許可，否則過期的海圖可能被誤用，危及航行安全 請注意： 過期的海圖單元在海圖每周更新時(shí)并不會安裝海圖更新 Be noted that expired ENC cell will not subject to weekly update. 20 .Cyber precaution while updating ENC 更新電子海圖時(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全考量 for single ECDIS ships: handover notes for updating should pass to officer took over the watch in order to remind reliever to monitor furtherly 對單套電子海圖的船舶來說，更新電子海圖后要交代給接班駕駛員保持關(guān)注工況 for dual ECDIS ships: Update one ECDIS first, and handover notes for updating should pass to officer took over the watch，only after at least 12 hours later update the secondary ECDIS. 對安裝雙套電子海圖的船舶來說， 首先更新一臺電子海圖，然后接班駕駛員要保持 監(jiān)控實(shí) 際工況，至少間隔12小時(shí)以上再更新另一臺電子海圖，并通知相關(guān)值班駕駛員的海圖更新狀態(tài) 21 . ECDIS failure 電子海圖失效 See above flowchart, actions to be taken in case of ECDIS failure had been clearly stated 如上圖，電子海圖失效包括雙套電子海圖失效的措施已說明的很清楚 Basically following steps should be follow:
實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估，聯(lián)系公司請求協(xié)助
后續(xù)二師兄會隨著知識的更新以及檢查的要求，陸續(xù)更新電子海圖的使用要求。
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