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Scott Young 是誰？ 如何提問？ 加入我們的“學(xué)習(xí)部落”，提出你的問題，參與討論，以及點(diǎn)贊你關(guān)心的問題。 --- 本期熱門問題： Q1: 我現(xiàn)在是一名高中生在準(zhǔn)備高考，在一所很差的學(xué)校，周圍的人都無心學(xué)習(xí)，白天教室里十分吵鬧，因此我只能在夜晚安靜地時候自學(xué)，自學(xué)的效果很好，但是熬夜使我白天的精力很差。這已經(jīng)是我目前最大的困擾了，請問我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)忍受還是想辦法離開這樣的環(huán)境？ Q2: 是否可以推薦一些您認(rèn)為比較實(shí)用的思維方法或分析工具，比如SWOT，5W2H等工具？如果有一個你使用該分析方法的實(shí)例就更好了。 Q3: 我自己很孤僻，對于人際關(guān)系方面不知道該怎么處理。一直都在讀相關(guān)的書籍，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難應(yīng)用到實(shí)際上。想請教社交能力該如何提升？ Q4: 您在您的作品中提到了飲食的重要性，你覺得飲食會影響到我們的效率和情緒嗎？我們在飲食上需要注意哪些事項(xiàng)？ Q5: 能否透露一下你的新書《Ultralearning》中涉及的主要內(nèi)容？中文版將在什么時候上市？ --- Q1: 我現(xiàn)在是一名高中生在準(zhǔn)備高考，在一所很差的學(xué)校，周圍的人都無心學(xué)習(xí)，白天教室里十分吵鬧，因此我只能在夜晚安靜地時候自學(xué)，自學(xué)的效果很好，但是熬夜使我白天的精力很差。這已經(jīng)是我目前最大的困擾了，請問我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)忍受還是想辦法離開這樣的環(huán)境？ That’s a tough question. Sleep is very important for learning, because it assists with memory consolidation. However, if your environment makes it hard to study in the daytime, that can also be difficult. My suggestion would be to find a place you can study well in the daytime, either by finding a quiet place, or getting some headphones which you can put white noise in so that you won’t get distracted. 這是一個棘手的問題。睡眠對于學(xué)習(xí)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗兄谟洃浀撵柟?。然而，如果你的環(huán)境使你難以在白天學(xué)習(xí)，那可能也很困難。我的建議是找一個使你能夠在白天好好學(xué)習(xí)的地方，不論是找一個安靜的地點(diǎn)，還是戴上耳機(jī)播放一些白噪音，從而使你不容易被其他聲音分心。 Q2: 是否可以推薦一些您認(rèn)為比較實(shí)用的思維方法或分析工具，比如SWOT，5W2H等工具？如果有一個你使用該分析方法的實(shí)例就更好了。 There’s so many! Here’s a few that I find helpful: 有太多這樣的工具了！以下是一些我認(rèn)為有幫助的： 1. Marginal cost/benefit. Economics tells us that many activities experience diminishing returns. You work harder and get less results. The ideal tradeoff point comes when the benefit = costs. This has a lot of implications for making decisions when you have to choose between investing effort across many areas. 1. 邊際成本/收益。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)告訴我們，很多活動的回報都會逐漸遞減，你工作得越來越努力，但是收到的成效卻越來越低。理想的平衡點(diǎn)發(fā)生在收益=成本時。當(dāng)你必須在很多領(lǐng)域間做出選擇，要把精力投放在哪個方面時，這個原則對你做出決定很有意義。 2. Overkill approach. Many pursuits have an unknown cost-benefit curve, meaning you don’t know how much effort is required to start seeing results. Doing a (ton) in the beginning, so you can start generating results will help you see that curve and decide how hard you need to work at something to make it work. This is often better than putting in a lot of time without seeing results and hoping they’ll come later. 2. “超量”投入法。許多工作都有一條未知的成本收益曲線，意思是說，你不知道需要投入多少努力才能開始看到結(jié)果。在最初階段投入大量努力，從而開始取得一些成效，這能幫你看到成本收益曲線的樣子，并決定需要在一件事上付出多少努力才能成功。這通常比花很多時間卻看不到結(jié)果，只能期望成功總有一天會到來要好。 3. Evolutionary thinking. Most thoughts and behaviors are adaptive under some situation. If you can know why you tend to do something, even when it doesn’t help you, that’s often a key to fixing it. 3. 從進(jìn)化論的角度看問題。從進(jìn)化的角度看，大多數(shù)想法和行為是為適應(yīng)某些情境而產(chǎn)生的。如果你能知道自己為什么想做某件事，即使這對你沒有幫助，通常也是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。 Q3: 我自己很孤僻，對于人際關(guān)系方面不知道該怎么處理。一直都在讀相關(guān)的書籍，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難應(yīng)用到實(shí)際上。想請教社交能力該如何提升？ Social skills are a skill like anything else. My main advice is this: 社交技能和其他技能沒有差別，我主要的建議是： 1. Train yourself to be more outgoing. You feel fear/anxiety when you go to meet new people, but if you force yourself to do it more, you’ll feel that fear less. If you meet more people, you’ll have a better social life, all else being equal. 1. 訓(xùn)練自己變得更加外向。去見不認(rèn)識的人時，你會感到害怕/焦慮，但如果你強(qiáng)迫自己多這樣做，就會越來越少感到害怕。如果你見了更多的人，在其他方面一樣的情況下，你就會有更好的社交生活。 2. Focus on being nice/friendly first. A lot of people want to be impressive, dominating or cool. While those things can be great, I think they are often misapplied by people who have bad social skills and thus they end up making more social errors than they would otherwise. 2. 首先專注于表現(xiàn)得友好/和善。很多人想要給人留下深刻印象，占據(jù)主導(dǎo)權(quán)、或者表現(xiàn)得很酷。雖然這樣做可能很棒，但我認(rèn)為沒有良好社交技能的人往往會把事情搞砸，結(jié)果犯了比他們不這樣做時更多的社交錯誤。 3. Ask people what your social weaknesses are. Do you talk too much? Too little? Not a good listener? Do you say rude or awkward things? Do you have bad social habits like not making eye contact with people you’re talking with. Once you find out what some of your weaknesses are, you can make efforts to improve them slowly over time. 3. 詢問別人你在社交上的弱點(diǎn)是什么。是你說得太多了嗎？還是太少？不是一個好的傾聽者?你說了什么粗魯或不妥的話嗎？是否有不好的社交習(xí)慣，例如不與談話對象進(jìn)行眼神交流？一旦找出了你有哪些弱點(diǎn)，就可以慢慢付出努力提高了。 4. Recognize that other people want mutually beneficial relationships. If you want to have a great social life, you always have to think of it in terms of how you add to the lives of others, not what you want from them in return. If you feel lonely or isolated, then it can be hard to focus on others, if you feel your own needs aren’t being met. But the world doesn’t work that way, so focusing too much on yourself can make it harder to be the kind of friend people want around. 4. 認(rèn)識到其他人想要互惠的關(guān)系。如果你想要擁有很棒的社交生活，那么在考慮這件事時，就要經(jīng)常想到你能為其他人的生活帶去什么，而不是你能從他們那兒得到什么回報。如果你感到孤獨(dú)或被孤立，那么可能很難專注于他人，因?yàn)槟愀械阶约旱男枨笠矝]有得到滿足。但世界并不是這樣運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，過度關(guān)注自己會讓你難以成為人們想要圍繞在身邊的那種朋友。 Q4: 您在您的作品中提到了飲食的重要性，你覺得飲食會影響到我們的效率和情緒嗎？我們在飲食上需要注意哪些事項(xiàng)？ I think what you eat and drink can matter, but mostly in the long-term health picture. Over the short-term, the main ones to watch out for are drinking too much alcohol (which can disrupt sleep and memory) or too much caffeine (which can also make sleeping harder). In the long-term, of course, having a healthy lifestyle (particularly with a lot of exercise) has cognitive benefits. 我認(rèn)為你的飲食會有影響，但主要是對長期健康的影響。短期而言，主要需要擔(dān)心的是攝入過多酒精（可能擾亂睡眠和記憶）或過多咖啡因（也會造成睡眠困難）。當(dāng)然，長期而言，健康的生活方式（尤其是大量運(yùn)動）會帶來認(rèn)知上的好處。 Q5: 能否透露一下你的新書《Ultralearning》中涉及的主要內(nèi)容？中文版將在什么時候上市？ Ultralearning is the term I’ve come up with to describe intense, self-education projects. The desire to write this book came not only from doing my own projects, like the MIT Challenge or Year Without English, but to document other people who have learned hard skills in a short period of time. The book covers their stories, how they learned what they did, and tries to break down the art of learning hard things quickly into science-based principles. 超速學(xué)習(xí)是我在描述高強(qiáng)度自學(xué)項(xiàng)目時用到的詞。寫作這本書的愿望不僅來自我自己的項(xiàng)目，例如MIT挑戰(zhàn)或者一年不說英語，也希望記錄下其他人在很短的時間學(xué)會復(fù)雜技能的經(jīng)歷。這本書包括了他們的故事——他們是如何學(xué)會所做的事的，同時也試圖把迅速學(xué)會復(fù)雜事項(xiàng)的技藝分解，拆分為有科學(xué)依據(jù)的一系列原則。 While 如何高效學(xué)習(xí) is a book I’m still proud of, I wrote it much earlier in my writing career, when I had less experience learning things and had learned less of the existing science around learning. As such, I think it only represents a partial picture of what it means to learn things well, and this book was my attempt to try to form a more complete, general picture of how to approach learning anything effectively. 雖然我仍然自豪寫了《如何高效學(xué)習(xí)》這本書，但那是我寫作生涯早年的作品，當(dāng)時我對于學(xué)習(xí)事物沒有太多經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對已有的學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)也所知甚少。因此，我認(rèn)為它只代表了有效學(xué)習(xí)的部分圖景。而在這本新書中，我試圖勾畫一幅更完整、更普適的圖景，講述如何有效地學(xué)習(xí)任何技能。 >>> 熱門主題 <<< 空空認(rèn)知科學(xué)中中愛因斯坦空空 空空MIT 挑戰(zhàn)中中專注空空空空 空標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試中中寫作空空空空 |
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