必修三知識點匯總

Module 1 Europe

重要短語：

because of

be covered by/with

be known for/as/to

make A out of B

on the coast

work on

have…in common

refer to

have control over/of

have a population of

little by little

on the other hand

in one’s thirties                            

compared with

belong to

increase to/by

in terms of

be faced with

ever since

重要句型：

1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

  one of the +形容詞最高級+ 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)   最。。。。之一

2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.  

  ①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B

           A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B

②位置+距離: A is (about)+距離+（to the）+方向+of B

in ,on和to表地理方位的區(qū)別

（1）    表示A在B的范圍內(nèi)（即A是B的組成部分之一）時用in.如：our school is in the west of the town.我們學校在城西。

（2）    強調(diào)A和B兩地接壤時，用on.如：

Korea is on the east of China.朝鮮與中國東部接壤。

（3）    A在B的范圍之外，兩者之間沒有所屬關系時用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我們學校在醫(yī)院的西面。

3. on the coast和off the coast

on表示“位于河畔或鐵路，公路及海岸等沿線上”；off表示“稍離陸地，在沿岸的海里”。如：

語法要求：

一： 一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)

  被動語態(tài)由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by) ”構成。被動語態(tài)發(fā)生時態(tài)變化時只變be的形式，過去分詞不變。

   現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)：am/ is/ are + 過去分詞

   過去時被動語態(tài)：was/ were + 過去分詞

二：主謂一致：本單元主要強調(diào)第二個原則

  語法一致原則。句子的主語是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。

  注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代詞作主語時，謂語需用單數(shù)。

(2) 當主語后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like 等時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式仍然要與這些詞語前面的主語保持一致。

2. 意義一致原則。

一些集合名詞，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要根據(jù)實際含義而定。當表示整體意義時，用單數(shù)；當強調(diào)個體成員時，用復數(shù)。如：

3. 鄰近性原則。neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時；由there, here引導的句子，并且主語不止一個時，謂語動詞通常與鄰近它的主語保持一致。 

Module 2

重要短語：

agree to do something

make efforts to do sth.

be important to

(be) close to

in the middle of

as a result

in/during the last ten years

receive a good education

be willing to do sth.

make comparisons

be connected with

at the top of

at the bottom of

practice doing sth.

live with

one or two weeks

up to

make progress

make sure of/about/that

be similar to

encourage sb to do sth        

take measures to do sth         

be crowded with

in exchange for        

achieve one’s goal         

life expectancy

重要句型：

語法要求：

1. but和however的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別

2. although引導狀語從句

3. while引導比較狀語從句

Module3

重要短語:

a column of air

pick up

at sea

put down

take off

on average

natural disaster

catch fire

pour down

set fire to

manage to do sth.

put out

report on

fall down

from side to side

in all

end up in/with

turn over

lose one’s life

according to

take place

a total of

it occur to sb that  

重要句型:

①By the time…did…, sb. had done sth.

  By the time…do/does…, sb. will have done sth.

②There was the possibility of…

  It is possible that…

語法要求：

1. 過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：had+過去分詞

2. 間接引語。英語中常用兩種方式引用別人的話。一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，叫直接引語；另一種是用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。如果把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等一般都要作相應的改變。

3. 定語從句。

Module 4

重要短語

cut down

dig up

be caught in …

walk up to

plan to do

in a week’s time

sweep away

take in

give out

I have no idea

have an effect on …

one after another

look through

be part of …                  

do one’s best

in a nutshell

solve problem

be / feel concerned about / for …

think seriously about …

prevent/stop…(from)doing     solve problem

重要句型

①adj. + enough to do

②do nothing but do sth

③can’t (help) but do sth.

④I couldn’t agree withyou more / it couldn’t be worse

⑤if possible

語法要求：

一：不定式的各種時態(tài)

一般式：to do/to be done

進行式：to be doing

完成式：to have done

完成時的被動式：to have been done

Module 5

重要短語：

be kind to

be related to

be equal to

human being

be born + adj. /n

tell the time

bring up

be at war with

live a (n) … life

follow / take one’s advice

a sense of responsibility

for the first time

in conclusion

make contribution to …

be proud of…

if so

be similar to

as a result

in some  ways

stress the importance of…

be influenced by…

be similar to … /in …

重要句型：

1. The reason why … is that…  

2. If …,then …

3. Not only … ,but also …

4. No more … than

語法要求：

一：限制性定語從句：用來修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語從句。

引導定語從句的關系代詞：that，which，who, whom, whose, as

              關系副詞：when, where, how, why

注意：1. 介詞放在關系代詞前面時，介詞賓語只能用which代物，用whom代人。

      2. 在限制性定語從句中，當關系代詞在從句中擔任介詞賓語而介詞在句尾時，關系代詞可省略。

      3. 有時為了行文需要，定語從句中的關系代詞和部分謂語動詞可省略。

Module 6

重要短語：