不定代詞 不定代詞: 即不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。 初中常用不定代詞有: some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s), another,none,one,either, neither等。一般來講,修飾不定代詞的詞要置于其后。 不定代詞用法例舉: ①一般用于肯定句中的不定代詞:some, someone, somebody, something 例如:They can speak some Japanese. ②一般用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中的不定代詞:any, anyone, anybody, anything 例如:Is there anyone at home? ③一般用于句中表示否定意義的不定代詞:no, no one, nobody, nothing 例如:I have no watch. There is nothing wrong with the machine. ④不定代詞one指代可數(shù)名詞,既可指人,亦可指物,它可以代替上文中出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞,指代復數(shù)名詞時可以用ones。 例如:I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. ⑤none通常只用作名詞,在句中作主語、賓語等。意為“沒有任何(人或物)”,既可指人,亦可指物。 none后常跟of短語,其后用復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。 例如:None of them knows the answer to the question. ⑥both, all both指兩個人、物或群體; all指三個以上的人、物或群體或泛指一切事物。 例如:My parents are both teachers. All of my friends are football fans. ⑦every, each each一般用于指兩個或兩個以上的人或物,側(cè)重個別; every用于指三個或三個以上的人或物,側(cè)重全體。而且each所指對象在上下文中已十分明確。 例如:Each student went to see that films. (學生至少二人) Every student went to the park.(學生至少三人) ⑧other, the other, others, the others, another other具有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì),既可指人,亦可指物。other常與定冠詞the連用。 不定冠詞an與other連用則組成another。other只作形容詞或代詞,表示“其他的,別的”,不可單獨使用。 例如:Do you have any other questions? the other作形容詞或代詞,特指兩者中或兩部分的另一個或另一部分。 例如:The bookshop is on the other side of the street. others相當于“other 名詞”,泛指“別的人或物”,只有名詞性用法。 例如:Some are planting trees, others are watering them. the others相當于“the other 名詞”,表示“剩下的,其余的”,特指除此之外的全部 人或物。 例如:There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese. another作形容詞或代詞,泛指三個或三個以上不定數(shù)目中的“另一個”。 例如:This pen is too expensive, please show me another. ⑨either, neither either指“兩者中的任何一個”;neither指“兩者中無一”,具有否定意義。 例如:You can take either half. Neither of the books is good. ⑩many, much, most many和much具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì),都表示“許多、大量”。 Much一般只能指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞,many只能指代或修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。Most指“大部分、大多數(shù)”。 例如:Many boys like playing soccer. We have much homework to do every day. Most students think so. (11)few, a few, little, a little a few 和a little 意為“少數(shù)、少量”,其意義是肯定的。 A few指代或修飾復數(shù)形式的可數(shù)名詞,a little指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 Few 和little意為“幾乎一點沒有”,具有否定意義。 例如:He has a few friends here. Hurry up! There is little time left. 不定代詞的用法: 不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。 位置 不定代詞 形容詞 不定代詞 to do 作主語 Both of them are teachers.他們兩人都是教師。 作賓語 I know nothing about this person.我對這個人一無所知。 作表語 This book is too much for a child.這本書對一個小孩來說太難了。 作定語 There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 作狀語 I can't find my book anywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。 修飾不定代詞的詞,一般情況下要后置。
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