非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式&動(dòng)名詞&分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞），.即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分
它有三種形式：不定式，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞），動(dòng)名詞
1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相同點(diǎn)有：
?。?）如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語(yǔ)連用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
?。?）都可以被狀語(yǔ)修飾：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng), “體”式（一般式；進(jìn)行式；完成式）的變化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式）
We have written the composition.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）
?。?）都可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)
They started the work at once.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)）
We are League members.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)）
2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有：
?。?）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
（2）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
?。?）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
?。?）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，它不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制。
(5)英語(yǔ)中不能單獨(dú)做句子的謂語(yǔ)。
(一)動(dòng)詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征.
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后.
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
?。?）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主語(yǔ)：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有：1、It+be+名詞+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞，不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。
?。?）作表語(yǔ)：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
?。?）作賓語(yǔ)：
常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問(wèn)詞連用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
?。?）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)連用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些動(dòng)詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定語(yǔ)：
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：
?、賱?dòng)賓關(guān)系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者，不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
?、郾恍揎椕~是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作狀語(yǔ)：
?、俦砟康模?
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
?、诒斫Y(jié)果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：
I visited him only to find him out.
?、郾碓颍?
They were very sad to hear the news.
?、鼙沓潭龋?
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
?。?）作獨(dú)立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
?。?）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動(dòng)詞。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二個(gè)不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
?。ǘ﹦?dòng)名詞：
動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。
1．動(dòng)名詞的形式： Ving
否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞
?。?）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
（2）被動(dòng)式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀請(qǐng)就來(lái)到了晚會(huì)。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過(guò)這部電影。
（4）完成被動(dòng)式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過(guò)。
?。?）否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)他的勸告。
?。?）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動(dòng)名詞
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英語(yǔ)給他帶來(lái)許多麻煩。
2．動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：
（1）作主語(yǔ)：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
It's no use quarrelling.爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的。
?。?）作表語(yǔ)：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在螞蟻王國(guó)，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。
?。?）作賓語(yǔ)：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒(méi)有建好大壩。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)也可作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，若跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則常用形式賓語(yǔ)it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。
要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定語(yǔ)：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒(méi)有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？
?。?）作同位語(yǔ)：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個(gè)山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收聽(tīng)收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。
?。ㄈ┈F(xiàn)在分詞：
現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。
1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：
否定式：not + 現(xiàn)在分詞
?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成
式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語(yǔ)。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說(shuō)向公園走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業(yè)，他開(kāi)始打籃球。
?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問(wèn)題很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告訴了好幾遍，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
2．現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：
?。?）作定語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)
放在名詞后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后來(lái)的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長(zhǎng)的父親。
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.
?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí)，而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
?。?）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱歌嗎？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車(chē)在門(mén)口等著。
（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：
?、僮鲿r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。
?、谧髟驙钫Z(yǔ)：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。
③作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作條件狀語(yǔ)：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。
?、葑鹘Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。
?、拮髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)：
He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。
⑦作讓步狀語(yǔ)：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
?、嗯c邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
我等汽車(chē)時(shí)，一只鳥(niǎo)落到我頭上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了，他們失望地離開(kāi)了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。
有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。
?、嶙鳘?dú)立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，女孩子更細(xì)心。
?。ㄋ模┻^(guò)去分詞：
過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。
過(guò)去分詞的句法功能：
1．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開(kāi)展了一次有組織的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。
注意當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，就放在名詞的后面。過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。
2．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)：
The window is broken. 窗戶破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 過(guò)去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。區(qū)別：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被動(dòng)）
有些過(guò)去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（開(kāi)水） fallen leaves（落葉）
newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽(yáng)）
the changed world（變了的世界）
這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌被唱了好幾次。
有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞做with短語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。
4．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到鄰居們的表?yè)P(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看見(jiàn)，人們就忘不了。（表示時(shí)間）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果給予更多的時(shí)間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。（表示讓步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進(jìn)山洞。
典型習(xí)題
1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women players until 1919.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析：根據(jù)題干，必須選表示被動(dòng)的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、D；因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意，不合題干之用，只有C選項(xiàng)（相當(dāng)于which was first played）才合用。
2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
析：B、C是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在此不可用。D項(xiàng)to make或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)例：
The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車(chē)被大風(fēng)雪所阻，因而耽誤了。
3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
析：根據(jù)this evening,應(yīng)選表示將來(lái)義的選項(xiàng)，C、D應(yīng)排除。Take后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，必然要用被動(dòng)式，故答案為A。
4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing
析：根據(jù)be made to do sth.句式，可定答案為A。
5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
析：根據(jù)warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律，又可排除A，而定C。
6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
析：此題可根據(jù)why not后直接跟原形動(dòng)詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項(xiàng)改為try to go，則要根據(jù)其與try going意義之別來(lái)確定答案。依據(jù)題干對(duì)話內(nèi)容，乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣，所以答案仍為D。
7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位，B、D皆為錯(cuò)誤形式。A項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)先于decided的動(dòng)作，只有選C項(xiàng)才表沒(méi)收到信在先，決定再寫(xiě)信在后，所以C為正確答案。
8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented
析：consider表“考慮”意時(shí)，其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認(rèn)為”，這時(shí)consider后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。據(jù)此可排除B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意，不合題用，只有C表“發(fā)明了”意，才合題用，故選C。
9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：“被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)”，應(yīng)選表被動(dòng)意的選項(xiàng)，B不可用。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。又因短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作定語(yǔ)，C也應(yīng)排除，只有A.invited(＝who were invited)才是正確答案。
10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied
析：B表主動(dòng)意，應(yīng)排除。C表“將要被捆綁”，A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意，只有D項(xiàng)填入空白才能表達(dá)“雙手被反綁著”這一意思，符合題干情景。再看一類(lèi)似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
更多練習(xí)
1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving
2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching
English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written
3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.
A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing
4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing
5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.
A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen
6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.
A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going
7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.
A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken
8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.
A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that
C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out
9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.
A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led
10.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.
A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen
11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail
12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face.
A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move
13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.
A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing
14.While shopping,people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.
A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded
15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed
16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .
A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted
17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.
A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held
18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.
A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung
19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.
A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing
20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.
A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing
21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.
A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted
22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five children.
A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving
23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .
A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out
24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you’re calling
25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .
A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired
26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.
A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves
27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking
28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.
A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving
29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.
A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing
30.There is a river ______ around our school.
A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running
31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?
A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken
32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.
A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing
33.Whth the kind－h(huán)earted boy ____ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time ___ with your work.
A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you
34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .
A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears
C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.
35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.
——I’ve warned them ______ .
A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do
36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone
37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.
A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked
38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .
A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak
39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.
A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing
40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.
A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding
41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .
A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to
42.What’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.
A.that they have to B.they have not C.their not having D.not their having
43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not know
44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .
A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built
45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing
46.The day we looked forward to ______ .
A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come
47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?
A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do
48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?
A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked
49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .
A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted
50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.
A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專練答案
1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A
21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C
41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D
注意事項(xiàng)
1． “to” 是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語(yǔ)中的to 都是介詞。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 帶to 還是不帶to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
?。?但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3． 動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
與of 連用的形容詞有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4．后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。例如：通常不說(shuō)We think to obey the laws is important . 而說(shuō)We think it important to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短語(yǔ)中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系：
1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主謂關(guān)系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語(yǔ)是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 邏輯主語(yǔ)不是I )
7．不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可以有以下幾種意義：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 結(jié)果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式要帶to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．動(dòng)名詞
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1．下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別，
forget to do … 忘記要做某事
forget doing… 忘記做了某事
remember to do…記住要做某事
remember doing …記著做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味著做了某事
regret to do …（do指代有限的幾個(gè)詞，如say、tell） 很抱歉要告訴你…
regret doing … 對(duì)做過(guò)去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 盡力去做某事
try doing 試著做某事
learn to do … 學(xué)著去做某事
learn doing … 學(xué)會(huì)做某事
stop to do … 停下來(lái)去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接著做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事
used to do … 過(guò)去做某事
be used to doing … 習(xí)慣做某事
2．動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá) n+ for doing 的含義
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá) n+which(who) be doing的含義
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是動(dòng)名詞 ， 后者是現(xiàn)在分詞
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3． 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)：
動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)
5． 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。
6．只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分詞
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
這個(gè)故事有興趣，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
這是一部動(dòng)人的電影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘書(shū)工作到深夜，為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長(zhǎng)篇演講稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我會(huì)做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
當(dāng)他后街時(shí)，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢(qián)。
應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分詞作表語(yǔ)
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：
The news is interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
2）表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）
The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）
3）常作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表語(yǔ))
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
My job is looking after the little baby . (動(dòng)名詞)
能回答how-question 的是現(xiàn)在分詞，能回答what-question 的動(dòng)名詞，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .
What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .
4．注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 讓某事一直做著
5． 需要跟反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6．分詞做狀語(yǔ)與不定式的區(qū)別：
分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。
Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 時(shí)間）
Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 條件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴隨）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enough to join the army . （ 結(jié)果）
7．分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 過(guò)去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 動(dòng)名詞 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8．不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：
I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 將來(lái))
The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在進(jìn)行）
The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 過(guò)去）
9．分詞做狀語(yǔ)需要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題：
分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 錯(cuò)誤 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正確）
Seeing 與the city 不是主謂關(guān)系；seen 與city 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
練習(xí)
I .單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .
A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told
D. Having told
3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .
A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest
4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .
A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make
6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .
A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .
---- Well , now I regret ____________that .
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
II . 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空
1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .
3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .
5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .
答案：
I
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D
II
1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking
